UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017.

OR

For the transition period from ____  to ____                   

Commission File Number 001-13341

Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(650) 244-4990

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Index to Form 10-Q

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands, except per share amount)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company

We are a pharmaceutical company developing proprietary therapeutics for the treatment of serious medical disorders. Our product development programs utilize our proprietary long-term drug delivery platform, ProNeura™, and focus primarily on innovative treatments for select chronic diseases for which steady state delivery of a drug provides an efficacy and/or safety benefit. We are directly developing our product candidates and also utilize corporate, academic and government partnerships as appropriate. We operate in only one business segment, the development of pharmaceutical products.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statement presentation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017, or any future interim periods.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern.

Going concern assessment

In accordance with Accounting Standard Update, or ASU No. 2014-15, we assessed going concern uncertainty in our financial statements to determine if we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents on hand and working capital to operate for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued or available to be issued, which is referred to as the “look-forward period” as defined by ASU No. 2014-15. As part of this assessment, based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to us, we considered various scenarios, forecasts, projections, estimates, and made certain key assumptions, including the timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, and our ability to delay or curtail expenditures or programs, if necessary, among other factors. Based on this assessment, as necessary or applicable, we made certain assumptions around implementing curtailments or delays in the nature and timing of programs and expenditures to the extent we deem probable those implementations can be achieved and we have the proper authority to execute them within the look-forward period in accordance with ASU No. 2014-15.

At September 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.7 million. Based on Probuphine sales levels to date, we currently estimate that our available capital is sufficient to fund our planned operations through August 2018. We will require additional funds to advance our ProNeura development programs beyond such period and to complete the regulatory approval process necessary to commercialize any products we might develop. While we are currently evaluating the alternatives available to us, including ex-U.S. partnering opportunities for Probuphine, possible collaborations for one or more of our ProNeura programs and various financing strategies, our efforts to address our liquidity requirements may not be successful.

Based upon the above assessment, we concluded that, at the date the financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were issued, we did not have sufficient cash to fund our operations for the next 12 months without additional funds and, therefore, there was substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months after the date the financial statements were issued.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue principally from collaborative research and development arrangements, technology licenses, and government grants. Consideration received for revenue arrangements with multiple components is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their respective selling prices. The selling price for each unit is based on vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, third party evidence if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price if neither VSOE nor third party evidence is available. The applicable revenue recognition criteria are then applied to each of the units. 

Revenue is recognized when the four basic criteria of revenue recognition are met: (1) a contractual agreement exists; (2) transfer of technology has been completed or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. For each source of revenue, we comply with the above revenue recognition criteria in the following manner:

Research and Development Costs and Related Accrual

Research and development expenses include internal and external costs. Internal costs include salaries and employment related expenses, facility costs, administrative expenses and allocations of corporate costs. External expenses consist of costs associated with outsourced contract research organization, or CRO, activities, sponsored research studies, product registration, patent application and prosecution, and investigator sponsored trials. We also record accruals for estimated ongoing clinical trial costs. Clinical trial costs represent costs incurred by CROs and clinical sites. These costs are recorded as a component of research and development expenses. Under our agreements, progress payments are typically made to investigators, clinical sites and CROs. We analyze the progress of the clinical trials, including levels of patient enrollment, invoices received and contracted costs when evaluating the adequacy of accrued liabilities. Significant judgments and estimates must be made and used in determining the accrued balance in any accounting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception amending guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2017-11 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and retrospectively applied ASU 2017-11 as required. There was no retrospective impact as a result of the adoption of ASU 2017-11 on the financial statements. See Note 7, “Debt Agreements”.

In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, addressing eight specific cash flow issues in an effort to reduce diversity in practice. The amended guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017, and for interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the amended guidance to have a material impact on our statements of cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU requires most lessees to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities, but recognize expenses in a manner similar with current accounting standards. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on the financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and has subsequently issued several supplemental or clarifying ASUs (collectively, “ASC 606”), ASC 606 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASC 606 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP.

The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASC 606 recognized at the date of adoption. We expect to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective method.

We are assessing the impact that the future adoption of ASC 606 will have on our financial statements by analyzing our current portfolio of customer contracts, including a review of historical accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences in the application of ASC 606.  Additionally, we are performing a comprehensive review of our current processes and systems to determine and implement changes required to support the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we plan to finalize our assessments of the impact that these standards may have on our financial statements and disclosures.

Subsequent Events

We have evaluated events that have occurred after September 30, 2017 and through the date that the financial statements are issued.

Fair Value Measurements

We measure the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on authoritative guidance which defines fair value, establishes a framework consisting of three levels for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable;

Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).

Financial instruments, including receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which we believe approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Our warrant liabilities are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the value is calculated using significant judgment based on our own assumptions in the valuation of these liabilities.

As a result of the fair value adjustment of the warrant liabilities, we recorded a non-cash gains on decreases in the fair value of $2,000 and $0.6 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and non-cash losses on increases in the fair value of $5,000 and $0.1 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively, in our Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 6, “Warrant Liability” for further discussion on the calculation of the fair value of the warrant liability.

2. Stock Plans

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense recorded for awards under the stock option plans for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

No tax benefit was recognized related to stock-based compensation expense since we have accumulated operating losses and we have established a full valuation allowance to offset all the potential tax benefits associated with our deferred tax assets.

We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following assumptions to estimate the stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

Options to purchase approximately 50,000 shares of common stock were granted during the three-month period ended September 30, 2017. No options were granted during the three-month period ended September 30, 2016. Options to purchase approximately 546,000 and 168,000 shares of common stock were granted during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The following table summarizes option activity for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017:

No shares of restricted stock were awarded to employees, directors and consultants during the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

As of September 30, 2017, there was approximately $0.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

3. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share excludes the effect of dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue shares were exercised into shares. In calculating diluted net income (loss) per share, the numerator is adjusted for the change in the fair value of the warrant liability (only if dilutive) and the denominator is increased to include the number of potentially dilutive common shares assumed to be outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method.

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the three and nine-months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016: 

The table below presents common shares underlying stock options and warrants that are excluded from the calculation of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used for the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share. These are excluded from the calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect for the three and nine-months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

4. Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented is comprised solely of our net income (loss). We had no items of other comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Comprehensive loss for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 was $4.2 million and $10.6 million, respectively. Comprehensive loss for the three-month period ended September 30, 2016 was $2.6 million. Comprehensive income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 was $7.5 million.

5. Braeburn License

We are party to a license agreement with Braeburn pursuant to which we have granted Braeburn the exclusive commercialization rights to Probuphine in the United States and its territories and Canada. Under the agreement (as amended to date, the “Agreement”), we received a $15.0 million milestone payment upon approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, of the Probuphine New Drug Application, or NDA, in 2016. We receive royalties on net sales of Probuphine ranging in percentage from the mid-teens to the low twenties. Upon receipt of approval, our obligation was fulfilled and we recognized the full amount of the milestone payment in accordance with the milestone method of revenue recognition. The Agreement also provides for up to $165 million in sales milestones and $35 million in regulatory milestones. In addition, we are entitled to receive a low single digit royalty, up to an aggregate of $50 million, on sales by Braeburn, if any, of other competing continuous delivery treatments for opioid dependence as defined in the Agreement, and can also elect to receive a low single digit royalty on sales by Braeburn, if any, of other products in the addiction market in exchange for a similar reduction in our royalties on Probuphine. We will be reimbursed by Braeburn for any developments services and activities undertaken by us at Braeburn’s request.

6. Warrant Liability

We currently have outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 983,395 shares of common stock (“Series A Warrants”). The Series A Warrants are exercisable at $4.85 per share (reflecting an adjustment arising from the issuance of warrants described in Note 8 below) and expire in April 2018.  The Series A Warrants contain a provision where the warrant holder has the option to receive cash, equal to the Black Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Lattice valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Lattice model provides for assumptions regarding volatility and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity.

The key assumptions used to value the Series A Warrants were as follows:

7. Debt Agreements

On July 27, 2017, we entered into a venture loan and security agreement (“Loan Agreement”) with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (“Horizon”), which provides for up to $10.0 million in loans, including an initial loan in the amount of $7.0 million funded upon signing of the Loan Agreement. An additional $3.0 million loan is subject to our achievement of the following milestones on or prior to March 31, 2018:

•       Revenue resulting from royalty payments of not less than $750,000;

•       Execution of a partnership or similar agreement for the marketing and sale of Probuphine in Europe; and

•       Market capitalization of not less than $50.0 million.

Repayment of the loans is on an interest-only basis through December 31, 2018, followed by monthly payments of principal and accrued interest for the balance of the 46-month term. The loans bear interest at a floating coupon rate of one-month LIBOR (floor of 1.10%) plus 8.40%. A final payment equal to 5.0% of each loan tranche will be due on the scheduled maturity date for such loan. In addition, if we repay all or a portion of the loan prior to the applicable maturity date, we will pay Horizon a prepayment penalty fee, based on a percentage of the then outstanding principal balance, equal to 4% if the prepayment occurs during the interest-only payment period, 3% if the prepayment occurs during the 12 months following such period, and 2% thereafter.

Our obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in all of our assets, with the exception of our intellectual property. We agreed not to pledge or otherwise encumber our intellectual property assets, subject to certain exceptions.

The Loan Agreement includes customary affirmative and restrictive covenants, excluding any covenants to attain or maintain certain financial metrics, and also includes customary events of default, including for payment failures, breaches of covenants, change of control and material adverse changes. Upon the occurrence of an event of default and following any applicable cure periods, a default interest rate of an additional 5% may be applied to the outstanding loan balances, and Horizon may declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the Loan Agreement.

In connection with the Loan Agreement, we issued Horizon seven-year warrants to purchase an aggregate of 280,612 shares of our common stock (“Horizon Warrants”). The per share exercise price of the Horizon Warrants is the lower of (i) $1.96 or (ii) the price per share of any securities that may be issued by the Company in an equity financing during the next 18 months. We issued Horizon an additional warrant that will only become exercisable upon the funding of the second tranche of the loan, the number of shares and exercise price to be calculated at such time. We agreed to file a registration statement covering the resale of the shares underlying the Horizon Warrants. In accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as amended by ASU, No. 2017-11, which we early adopted in the current quarter, these warrants have been classified as equity. The fair value of these warrants at the time of issuance was determined using a Black Scholes valuation model and was recorded in the Condensed Balance Sheet.

The key assumptions used to value the Horizon Warrants were as follows:

The anti-dilution provisions contained in the outstanding Series A warrants were triggered by the Horizon Warrant issuance, resulting in a reduction of the exercise price of such warrants from $4.89 to $4.85 per share.

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

In May and June 2016, 1,072,307 shares of common stock were issued upon the cashless net exercise of 2,016,075 Class A Warrants in accordance with their terms. There were 847,569 Class A Warrants outstanding at September 30, 2017.

In May and June 2016, 58,569 shares of common stock were issued upon the cashless net exercise of 114,546 Underwriter Warrants in accordance with their terms. There were no remaining Underwriter Warrants outstanding at September 30, 2017.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934(the “Exchange Act”). Such statements include, but are not limited to, any statements relating to our product development programs and any other statements that are not historical facts. Such statements involve risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s current expectations include those risks and uncertainties relating to the commercialization of Probuphine, the regulatory approval process, the development, testing, production and marketing of our drug candidates, patent and intellectual property matters and strategic agreements and relationships. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law.

Probuphine® and ProNeura™ are trademarks of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. This Form 10-Q also includes trade names and trademarks of companies other than Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

References herein to “we,” “us,” “Titan,” and “our company” refer to Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires.

Overview

We are a pharmaceutical company developing proprietary therapeutics for the treatment of serious medical disorders. Our product development programs utilize our proprietary long-term drug delivery platform, ProNeura™, and focus primarily on innovative treatments for select chronic diseases for which steady state delivery of a drug provides an efficacy and/or safety benefit.

Probuphine®, our first product candidate based on the ProNeura platform, was approved by the FDA last year for the maintenance treatment of opioid dependence in patients who are stable on low to moderate doses of daily sublingual buprenorphine treatment. We have licensed development and commercialization rights of Probuphine for the U.S. and Canadian markets to Braeburn and pursuant to the license agreement as amended to date, we received a $15 million milestone payment last year upon FDA approval of the Probuphine NDA.

In the first quarter of 2017, Braeburn commenced a full commercial launch. As with the launch of any new method of medical treatment in the current reimbursement environment, progress has been slow. In mid-2017, Braeburn realigned sales efforts and resources to focus on those treatment centers that had the most potential to recruit patients for treatment with Probuphine. Notwithstanding the foregoing, third quarter royalty revenues to Titan were $40,000, a decline from the prior quarter, and it is likely that royalty revenues will be low for the balance of the year.

Based on feedback from Braeburn and key opinion leaders we believe that access to care for patients has been negatively impacted by issues related to the timing and amount of reimbursement to patients and their doctors from insurance providers, as well as the requirements of the REMS program. Although the opioid addiction epidemic continues to be a major concern for our country, the hurdles to penetrating the market and growing sales of Probuphine have been considerable. We are in discussions with Braeburn management to more fully understand the issues restricting the growth of Probuphine sales. We believe Probuphine can benefit from the trend of opioid addiction treatment’s move towards extended release formulations, such as one week and one month depot injections, for which two companies have submitted NDAs, with PDUFA dates in the next three months. These products, if approved, will enable clinicians and patients to become accustomed to longer duration procedure-oriented treatment, which may encourage the potential use of Probuphine during the maintenance treatment stage. However, in light of the difficulties encountered to date, we cannot predict either the timing or the degree to which Probuphine will be accepted by the medical community.

We have continued to make progress in the efforts to advance potential commercialization of Probuphine outside of the U.S. and Canada. During the first quarter 2017, the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, granted eligibility for Probuphine to follow the centralized review and approval process for its Marketing Authorization Application, or MAA. Having made considerable progress over the last six months in the preparation of the MAA, including meetings with the review teams of the two EMA member countries appointed as rapporteur and co-rapporteur, and establishing a dialogue with the regulatory authorities to familiarize them with the development of Probuphine and the safety and efficacy data set, as well as receive their advice on the MAA preparation and presentation, we submitted the MAA to the EMA on November 6, 2017. We have also been granted Small Manufacturing Entity, or SME, status in Europe, which provides for some monetary benefits during the application process and commercialization. We have continued the interactions regarding potential partnerships for Probuphine in Europe and elsewhere, and this regulatory clarity has helped in advancing the dialogue. In October 2017, we received a notice of allowance from the European Patent Office for a patent covering methods of use claims for treating opioid dependence with a subdermal implant containing buprenorphine. Upon issuance, this patent is expected to provide protection for Probuphine in Europe into 2023.

We believe that our ProNeura long term drug delivery platform has the potential to be used in the treatment of other chronic conditions where maintaining stable, around the clock blood levels of a medication may benefit the patient and improve medical outcomes.  

Efforts to advance our next product candidate, the ropinirole implant for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, have continued and the Investigational New Drug application, or IND, which was submitted to the FDA earlier this year was cleared in August 2017 and the clinical study was initiated with the first patient treated in early October. This study is being conducted at three clinical research sites in the U.S. that specialize in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The trial is an open-label, sequential, dose escalation study that will enroll approximately 20 subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The primary objectives are to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of the ropinirole implants, to evaluate their safety and tolerability, and to explore potential signals of efficacy using established disease-specific assessment scales. Patients on a stable dose of L-dopa plus oral ropinirole will have their oral ropinirole switched to ropinirole implants for three months of treatment. Initial data from the first cohort of patients is expected in the first half of 2018 and the study completion is targeted for the end of next year.

At the beginning of October, we announced a collaboration with Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Opiant, to explore development of a novel approach to the prevention of opioid relapse and overdose in individuals with opioid use disorder. Together with Opiant, we will conduct a feasibility assessment of a subcutaneous implant using our proprietary ProNeura™ sustained release technology to administer an opioid antagonist. A product that may deliver non-fluctuating, therapeutic levels of an opioid antagonist continuously for up to six months may be ideally suited for the prevention of opioid relapse and overdose. We are targeting to complete this assessment in the first half of next year, and if appropriate, seek support from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health for advancing a product candidate.

Our goal is to opportunistically expand our product pipeline, and we are currently evaluating other drugs and disease settings for use with the ProNeura platform in potential treatment applications where conventional treatment is limited by variability in blood drug levels and poor patient compliance. Early non-clinical testing is being conducted for the development of a kappa opioid receptor agonist implant for the treatment of chronic pain. If successfully developed and approved, this would offer a potential non-addictive opioid analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain. Formulation studies and early in vitro testing is being conducted for the potential development of an implant with a currently approved peptide for the treatment of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus. An implantable triiodothyronine (T3) product for the treatment of hypothyroidism is completing non-clinical development focused on formulation optimization. While non-clinical testing of the implants is in progress, we continue to have further discussions with experts on the clinical development pathway, and the timing of further development activities will be dependent on those discussions and the availability of additional financial resources. We are also collaborating with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, or WRAIR, and the Southwest Research Institute in the early non-clinical evaluation of the ProNeura platform in malaria prophylaxis. The data from this collaboration is encouraging and has been presented by the WRAIR at several conferences, including most recently at the American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene annual meeting at Baltimore, MD.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on recent accounting pronouncements.

Results of Operations for the Three and Nine-months Ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016

License revenues of approximately $40,000 and $157,000 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively, primarily reflect the recognition of royalties earned on net sales of our Probuphine product by Braeburn.  License revenues of approximately $26,000 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2016 primarily reflects the recognition of royalties earned on net sales of our Probuphine product by Braeburn. License revenues of approximately $15.0 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 primarily reflects the recognition of the $15.0 million milestone payment earned upon FDA approval of our Probuphine NDA in May 2016. 

Research and development expenses for the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 were approximately $2.7 million, compared to approximately $1.6 million for the comparable period in 2016, an increase of approximately $1.1 million, or 69%. The increase in research and development costs was primarily associated with increases in external research and development expenses related to the support of the ropinirole implant program and some expenses on other ProNeura product development programs, employee related expenses and other research and development expenses. Research and development expenses for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 were approximately $7.3 million, compared to approximately $4.0 million for the comparable period in 2016, an increase of approximately $3.3 million, or 83%. The increase in research and development costs was primarily associated with increases in external research and development expenses related to the support of the ropinirole implant program and limited expenses on other ProNeura product development programs, employee related expenses and other research and development expenses. During the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, external research and development expenses relating to our product development programs were approximately $1.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, compared to approximately $1.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively, for the comparable periods in 2016. Other research and development expenses include internal operating costs such as clinical research and development personnel-related expenses, clinical trials related travel expenses, and allocation of facility and corporate costs. As a result of the risks and uncertainties inherently associated with pharmaceutical research and development activities described elsewhere in this report, we are unable to estimate the specific timing and future costs of our research and development programs or the timing of material cash inflows, if any, from our product candidates.

General and administrative expenses for the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 were approximately $1.4 million, compared to approximately $1.1 million for the comparable period in 2016, an increase of approximately $0.3 million, or 27%. The increase in general and administrative expenses during the three month period ended September 30, 2017 was primarily related to increases in non-cash stock compensation and employee related costs of approximately $0.2 million, fees and expenses of approximately $0.2 million related to the Horizon loan and other expenses of approximately $0.1 million. This was partially offset by decreases in professional fees of approximately $0.2 million. General and administrative expenses for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 were approximately $3.9 million, compared to approximately $3.4 million for the comparable period in 2016, an increase of approximately $0.5 million, or 15%. The increase in general and administrative expenses during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 was primarily related to increases in employee related costs of approximately $0.4 million, fees and expenses of approximately $0.2 million related to the Horizon loan and other expenses of approximately $0.1 million. This was partially offset by decreases in professional fees of approximately $0.1 million.

Net other expense for the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 was approximately $0.1 million. Net other expense consisted primarily of interest expense related to the Horizon loan. Net other income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 was approximately $0.5 million. Net other income consisted primarily of non-cash gains on changes in the fair value of warrants of approximately $0.6 million which was partially offset by interest expense related to the Horizon loan of approximately $0.1 million. Net other expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 was approximately $4,000 and $0.1 million, respectively. Net other expense consisted primarily of non-cash losses on changes in the fair value of warrants.

Our net loss for the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 was approximately $4.2 million, or approximately $0.20 per share, compared to our net loss of approximately $2.6 million, or approximately $0.12 per share, for the comparable period in 2016. Our net loss for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 was approximately $10.6 million, or approximately $0.50 per share, compared to our net income of approximately $7.5 million, or approximately $0.36 per share, for the comparable period in 2016.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have funded our operations since inception primarily through the sale of debt and equity securities, as well as with proceeds from warrant and option exercises, technology licensing, collaborative agreements and government-sponsored research grants. At September 30, 2017, we had working capital of approximately $10.1 million compared to working capital of approximately $13.0 million at December 31, 2016.

On July 27, 2017, we entered into the Loan Agreement with Horizon, which provides for up to $10,000,000 in loans, including an initial loan in the amount of $7,000,000 extended upon signing of the Loan Agreement. An additional $3,000,000 loan is subject to our achievement of certain revenue and operational milestones on or prior to March 31, 2018.

Our operating activities used approximately $9.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This consisted primarily of the net loss for the period of approximately $10.6 million and $0.6 million related to non-cash gains on changes in the fair value of warrants. This was offset, in part, by non-cash charges of approximately $1.2 million related to stock-based compensation, approximately $0.3 million related to depreciation and amortization and $0.5 million related to net changes in other operating assets and liabilities. Uses of cash in operating activities were primarily to fund product development programs and administrative expenses.

Our investing activities used approximately $0.2 million during the nine-months ended September 30, 2017, which was primarily related to purchases of equipment.

Our financing activities provided approximately $7.0 million during the nine-months ended September 30, 2017, which was primarily related the Horizon loan.

At September 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.7 million. Based on Probuphine sales levels to date, we currently estimate that our available capital is sufficient to fund our planned operations through August 2018. We will require additional funds to advance our ProNeura development programs beyond such period and to complete the regulatory approval process necessary to commercialize any products we might develop. While we are currently evaluating the alternatives available to us, including ex-U.S. partnering opportunities for Probuphine, possible collaborations for one or more of our ProNeura programs and various financing strategies, our efforts to address our liquidity requirements may not be successful.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our market risk disclosures set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 have not changed materially.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our President and Chief Executive Officer, being our principal executive and financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act as of September 30, 2017, the end of the period covered by this report, and has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and principal financial officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Titan’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results (the “10-K Risk Factors”). Except for the risks set forth below, there are no material changes to the 10-K Risk Factors.

Our independent registered public accounting firm’s report contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a “going concern.”

Based on Probuphine sales levels to date, we currently estimate that our available capital at September 30, 2017 is sufficient to fund our planned operations through August 2018. We will require additional funds to advance our ProNeura development programs beyond such period and to complete the regulatory approval process necessary to commercialize any products we might develop. While we are currently evaluating the alternatives available to us, including ex-U.S. partnering opportunities for Probuphine, possible collaborations for one or more of our ProNeura programs and various financing strategies, our efforts to address our liquidity requirements may not be successful. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

The Loan Agreement contains restrictions on our operations and could result in certain adverse results.

The Loan Agreement with Horizon contains a variety of affirmative covenants, including, without limitation, payment obligations, information delivery requirements and certain notice requirements. Additionally, we are bound by certain negative covenants setting forth actions that are not permitted to be taken during the term of the Loan Agreement without Horizon’s consent, including, without limitation, incurring certain additional indebtedness, making certain asset dispositions, entering into certain mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions or incurring any non-permitted lien or other encumbrance on our assets. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Loan Agreement (subject to any applicable cure periods), all amounts owed thereunder would begin to bear interest at a rate that is 5.0% higher than the rate that would otherwise be applicable and the outstanding loan may be declared immediately due and payable. The loan is secured by a perfected security interest in all of our assets, with the exception of our intellectual property, which could be foreclosed upon in the event of a default that is not waived or cured.

Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None

Item 6. Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.