UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020.

OR

For the transition period from ____  to ____

Commission File Number 001-13341

Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(650) 244-4990

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨    No  x

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Index to Form 10-Q

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except per share amount)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

The Company

We are a pharmaceutical company developing therapeutics utilizing our proprietary long-term drug delivery platform, ProNeura^TM, for the treatment of select chronic diseases for which steady state delivery of a drug provides an efficacy and/or safety benefit. We have transitioned to a commercial stage enterprise following the reacquisition of Probuphine® (buprenorphine) implant, or Probuphine, in May 2018 from our former licensee. Probuphine is the first product based on our ProNeura technology approved in the U.S., Canada and the European Union, or EU, for the maintenance treatment of opioid use disorder, or OUD, in select patients. We operate in only one business segment, the development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products.

Basis of Presentation

 The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statement presentation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, or any future interim periods.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2019 is derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The preparation of condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern.

At March 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $8.0 million, which we believe, together with our Paycheck Protection Program loan and the subsequent exercise of warrants, is sufficient to fund our planned operations through the third quarter of 2020. We will require additional funds to finance our operations beyond such period. We are exploring several financing alternatives; however, there can be no assurance that our efforts to obtain the funding required to continue our operations will be successful.

 Going concern assessment

We assess going concern uncertainty in our condensed financial statements to determine if we have sufficient cash on hand and working capital, including available borrowings on loans, to operate for a period of at least one year from the date the condensed financial statements are issued or available to be issued, which is referred to as the “look-forward period” as defined by Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15. As part of this assessment, based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to us, we will consider various scenarios, forecasts, projections, estimates and will make certain key assumptions, including the timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, and its ability to delay or curtail expenditures or programs, if necessary, among other factors. Based on this assessment, as necessary or applicable, we make certain assumptions around implementing curtailments or delays in the nature and timing of programs and expenditures to the extent we deem probable those implementations can be achieved and we have the proper authority to execute them within the look-forward period in accordance with ASU No. 2014-15.

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

Based upon the above assessment, we concluded that, at the date of filing the condensed financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not have sufficient cash to fund our operations for the next 12 months without securing additional funds and, therefore, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months after the date the condensed financial statements were issued. Additionally, we have suffered recurring losses from operations and have an accumulated deficit that raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these unaudited condensed financial statements requires that we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including critical accounting policies or estimates related to warrants issued in equity financing, research and development expenses, income taxes, inventories, revenues, contingencies and litigation and share-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience, information received from third parties and on various market specific and other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Inventories

Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is based on the first in, first out method. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and write down to its net realizable value any inventory that we believe to be impaired. The determination of net realizable value requires judgment including consideration of many factors, such as estimates of future product demand, product net selling prices, current and future market conditions and potential product obsolescence, among others. The components of inventories are as follows:

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue principally from the sale of Probuphine in the U.S., collaborative research and development arrangements, technology licenses and sales, and government grants. Consideration received for revenue arrangements with multiple components is allocated among the separate performance obligations based upon their relative estimated standalone selling price. 

In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as we fulfill our obligations under our agreements, we perform the following steps for our revenue recognition: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation. 

Net Product Revenue

We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the product transfers, generally upon shipment or delivery, to our customers, which include distributors. As customary in the pharmaceutical industry, our gross product revenue is subject to a variety of deductions in the forms of variable consideration, such as rebates, chargebacks, returns and discounts, in arriving at reported net product revenue. This variable consideration is estimated using the most-likely amount method, which is the single most-likely outcome under a contract and is typically at stated contractual rates. The actual outcome of this variable consideration may materially differ from our estimates. From time to time, we will adjust our estimates of this variable consideration when trends or significant events indicate that a change in estimate is appropriate to reflect the actual experience. Additionally, we will continue to assess the estimates of our variable consideration as we continue to accumulate additional historical data. Changes in the estimates of our variable consideration could materially affect our condensed financial statements.

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

Returns – Consistent with the provisions of ASC 606, we estimate returns at the inception of each transaction, based on multiple considerations, including historical sales, historical experience of actual customer returns, levels of inventory in our distribution channel, expiration dates of purchased products and significant market changes which may impact future expected returns to the extent that we would not reverse any receivables, revenues, or contract assets already recognized under the agreement. To date, we entered into agreements with various large national specialty pharmacies with a distribution channel different from that of our existing customers and, therefore, the related reserves have unique considerations. We will continue to evaluate the activities with these specialty pharmacies during upcoming quarters and will update the related reserves accordingly.

Rebates – Our provision for rebates is estimated based on our customers’ contracted rebate programs and our historical experience of rebates paid.

Discounts –The provision is estimated based upon invoice billings, utilizing historical customer payment experience.

The following table provides a summary of activity with respect to our product returns and discounts and rebates, which are included on our balance sheets within accrued sales allowances, and allowance for doubtful accounts, which are included on our balance sheets within receivables (in thousands):

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we received customer returns of approximately $0.5 million that had been reserved for previously.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Our performance obligations include commercialization license rights, development services and services associated with the regulatory approval process.

We have optional additional items in contracts, which are accounted for as separate contracts when the customer elects such options. Arrangements that include a promise for future commercial product supply and optional research and development services at the customer’s discretion are generally considered as options. We assess if these options provide a material right to the customer and, if so, such material rights are accounted for as separate performance obligations. If we are entitled to additional payments when the customer exercises these options, any additional payments are recorded in revenue when the customer obtains control of the goods or services.

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

Transaction Price

We have both fixed and variable consideration. Non-refundable upfront payments are considered fixed, while milestone payments are identified as variable consideration when determining the transaction price. Funding of research and development activities is considered variable until such costs are reimbursed at which point they are considered fixed. We allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services for each performance obligation.

At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, we evaluate whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimate the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the value of the associated milestone is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within our control, such as approvals from regulators, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received.

For arrangements that include sales-based royalties or earn-out payments, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license or purchase agreement is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties or earn-out payments relate, we recognizes revenue at the later of (a) when the related sales occur, or (b) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty or earn-out payment has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Allocation of Consideration

As part of the accounting for these arrangements, we must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation identified in the contract. Estimated selling prices for license rights are calculated using the residual approach. For all other performance obligations, we use a cost-plus margin approach.

Timing of Recognition

Significant management judgment is required to determine the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which we expect to complete our performance obligations under an arrangement. We estimate the performance period or measure of progress at the inception of the arrangement and re-evaluate it each reporting period. This re-evaluation may shorten or lengthen the period over which revenue is recognized. Changes to these estimates are recorded on a cumulative catch up basis. If we cannot reasonably estimate when our performance obligations either are completed or become inconsequential, then revenue recognition is deferred until we can reasonably make such estimates. Revenue is then recognized over the remaining estimated period of performance using the cumulative catch-up method. Revenue is recognized for licenses or sales of functional intellectual property at the point in time the customer can use and benefit from the license. For performance obligations that are services, revenue is recognized over time proportionate to the costs that we have incurred to perform the services using the cost-to-cost input method.

Research and Development Costs and Related Accrual

Research and development expenses include internal and external costs. Internal costs include salaries and employment related expenses, facility costs, administrative expenses and allocations of corporate costs. External expenses consist of costs associated with outsourced contract research organization (“CRO”) activities, sponsored research studies, product registration, patent application and prosecution, and investigator sponsored trials. We also record accruals for estimated ongoing clinical trial costs. Clinical trial costs represent costs incurred by CROs and clinical sites. These costs are recorded as a component of research and development expenses. Under our agreements, progress payments are typically made to investigators, clinical sites and CROs. We analyze the progress of the clinical trials, including levels of patient enrollment, invoices received and contracted costs when evaluating the adequacy of accrued liabilities. Significant judgments and estimates must be made and used in determining the accrued balance in any accounting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to enhance the transparency and comparability of financial reporting related to leasing arrangements.

We determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at commencement date. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable, and therefore, we utilize our incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received.

Lease expense is recognized over the expected term on a straight-line basis. Operating leases are recognized on our condensed balance sheet as right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities current and operating lease liabilities non-current. We no longer recognize deferred rent on our condensed balance sheet.

The following table presents maturities of our operating lease:

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of the FASB's disclosure framework project. We adopted ASU 2018-13 effective January 1, 2020 with no material impact to our financial statements and related disclosures.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses, which requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us in our interim period ending March 31, 2023. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of Topic 326 on our financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform, which provides companies with optional guidance, including expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). This new standard was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to applicable contract modifications through December 31, 2022. We are evaluating the effects that the adoption of this guidance will have on our disclosures.

Subsequent Events

We have evaluated events that have occurred after March 31, 2020 and through the date that our condensed financial statements are issued. See Note 8. “Subsequent Events.”

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

Fair Value Measurements

Financial instruments, including receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Our investments in money market funds are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Our derivative liability is classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is calculated using significant judgment based on our own assumptions in the valuation of this liability.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of our investments in money market funds were approximately $7.9 million and approximately $4.9 million, respectively, which are included within our cash and cash equivalents in our condensed balance sheets.

The following table summarizes option activity:

No options to purchase common shares were granted during the three month periods ended March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense recorded for awards under our stock option plans (in thousands):

We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of our stock options:

____________________   

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

As of March 31, 2020, there was approximately $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options. This expense was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years.

The table below presents common shares underlying stock options, warrants and convertible loans that are excluded from the calculation of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used for the calculation of diluted net loss per common share. These are excluded from the calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect:

On March 21, 2018, we entered into a purchase agreement (“Molteni Purchase Agreement”) with L. Molteni & C. Dei Frattelli Alitti Società Di Esercizio S.P.A. (“Molteni”) pursuant to which Molteni acquired the European intellectual property related to Probuphine, including the marketing authorization application under review by the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), and gained the exclusive right to commercialize the Probuphine product supplied by us, to be marketed under the tradename Sixmo, in the EU, as well as certain countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Middle East and North Africa (the “Molteni Territory”).

In connection with the Molteni Purchase Agreement, we received an initial payment of €2.0 million (approximately $2.4 million), of which approximately $1.0 million was allocated to the transfer of the intellectual property, which was recognized immediately, and approximately $1.4 million to our efforts towards the approval by the EMA by using the expected cost-plus approach to estimate the standalone selling price of and other regulatory bodies (“Titan Services”), which was recorded as deferred revenue and amortized as the performance obligations associated with the Titan Services being satisfied over time. Titan Services included employee-related expenses as well as other manufacturing, regulatory and clinical costs. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we fully amortized our deferred revenue and recognized approximately $0.3 million of revenue associated with the completion of Titan Services.

In August 2018, we entered into an amendment to the Molteni Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which Molteni made an immediate payment of €950,000 (approximately $1.1 million) and a convertible loan of €550,000 (approximately $0.6 million) (“Molteni Convertible Loan”) (see Note 5) to us, both in exchange for the elimination of an aggregate of €2.0 million (approximately $2.3 million) of regulatory milestones provided for in the Molteni Purchase Agreement.

In September 2019, we entered into an additional amendment to the Molteni Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the percentage earn-out payments on net sales were reduced and payments of any earn-outs were delayed until the later of (i) January 1, 2021 or (ii) the one year anniversary of completion of compliance by our manufacturer with EU requirements (currently anticipated to occur during the second quarter of this year). The milestone payments under the Purchase Agreement remain unchanged.

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

Horizon and Molteni Loans

In March 2018, we entered into an Amended and Restated Venture Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (“Horizon”) and Molteni pursuant to which Horizon assigned approximately $2.4 million of the $4.0 million outstanding principal balance of its loan to us to Molteni and Molteni was appointed as the collateral agent and assumed majority and administrative control of the loan. Under the Loan Agreement, Molteni had the right to convert its portion of the debt into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $7.20 per share and was required to effect this conversion of debt to equity upon completion of an equity financing meeting specified criteria. In connection with the Loan Agreement, we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,667 shares of our common stock with an exercise price per share of $7.20 to Horizon.

In September 2019, we entered into an amendment to the Loan Agreement pursuant to which the interest-only payment and forbearance periods were extended by one year to December 31, 2020 and the maturity date was extended by one year to June 1, 2022. In connection with the amendment to the Loan Agreement, the final payments to the lenders were increased by an aggregate of approximately $0.3 million (exclusive of a restructuring fee payable to Horizon) and the conversion provisions related to Molteni’s portion of the loan amount were revised to eliminate the mandatory conversion feature, to reduce the conversion price to $0.225 and to cap the number of shares issuable upon conversion to 3,422,777, with any balance repayable in cash.

In accordance with ASC 470, the amendment to the loan from Molteni is accounted for under debt extinguishment accounting, which required us to extinguish the carrying amount of the loan prior to the amendment and reacquire the loan after the amendment. As a result, during the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded approximately $0.3 million gain on debt extinguishment related to the write-off of the balance of the accreted final payment of the loan. The modification to the loan from Horizon did not constitute debt extinguishment and, therefore, did not have any impact to our condensed financial statements.

Repayment of the loans is on an interest-only basis, followed by monthly payments of principal and accrued interest for the balance of the 46-month term. The loans bear interest at a floating coupon rate of one-month LIBOR (floor of 1.10%) plus 8.40%. A final payment equal to 5.0% of each loan tranche will be due on the scheduled maturity date for such loan. In addition, if we repay all or a portion of the loan prior to the applicable maturity date, we will pay Horizon and Molteni prepayment penalty fees.

Debt discount associated with the Horizon and Molteni Loans was approximately $0.3 million as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Molteni Convertible Loan

In connection with the amendment to the Molteni Purchase Agreement (see Note 4), in June 2019, the Molteni Convertible Loan, together with unpaid accrued interest, was converted in full into 448,287 shares of our common stock at $1.50 per share upon the receipt of EMA approval of Sixmo. As a result, we recorded approximately $0.1 million loss on debt extinguishment.

Our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 93,467,258 shares and 57,378,794 shares, respectively.

January 2020 Offering

In January 2020, we completed a financing with several institutional investors pursuant to which we issued 8,700,000 shares of our common stock in a registered direct offering and warrants to purchase 8,700,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $0.25 per share in a concurrent private placement (the “January 2020 Warrants”) pursuant to which we received net cash proceeds of approximately $1.9 million, after deduction of underwriting fees and other offering expenses. The January 2020 Warrants become exercisable in July 2020 and expire in July 2025, however, the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the January 2020 Warrants have not been reserved and, accordingly, such warrants are not exercisable unless and until we receive stockholder approval of either a reverse stock split or an increase in our authorized shares of common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, financing costs of $211,000 allocated to the January 2020 warrant liability were expensed and included in other income (expense) in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

Common Stock Warrants

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we received an aggregate of approximately $6.2 million in cash proceeds from the exercises of warrants to purchase 27,388,464 shares of our common stock.

On March 3, 2020, we amended certain outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 11,552,314 shares of common stock, including the January 2020 Warrants and warrants we issued in connection with a financing in August 2019 (the “August 2019 Warrants”), to modify certain provisions that had required them to be previously classified as liabilities and to enable them to now be classified as equity under the relevant accounting standards. As a result, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we reclassified the fair value of the warrants on the date of the amendment from warrant liabilities to additional paid-in capital in the balance sheet and recognized a non-cash loss on changes in the fair value of warrants in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table provides a roll forward of the fair value of our warrant liabilities, the fair value of which was determined by level 3 inputs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

 ____________________   

The warrant liability associated with the January 2020 Warrants was classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following table presents the weighted-average key assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the January 2020 Warrants:

   The warrant liability associated with the August 2019 Warrants was classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following table presents the weighted-average key assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the August 2019 Warrants:

TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(unaudited)

On April 20, 2020, we received an approximately $0.7 million loan (“PPP Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act.

In May 2020, we received an aggregate of approximately $0.5 million in cash proceeds from the exercises of warrants to purchase 2,193,097 shares of our common stock.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in the following discussion and throughout this report that are not historical in nature are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “intend,” “believe,” and similar expressions. Although we believe the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are inherently subject to risk and we can give no assurances that our expectations will prove to be correct. Actual results could differ from those described in this report because of numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include, without limitation, those described under Item 1A “Risk Factors.” We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect actual outcomes.

References herein to “we,” “us,” “Titan,” and “our company” refer to Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires.

Overview

We are a pharmaceutical company developing therapeutics utilizing our proprietary long-term drug delivery platform, ProNeura™, for the treatment of select chronic diseases for which steady state delivery of a drug provides an efficacy and/or safety benefit. During 2019, we transitioned to a commercial stage enterprise following the reacquisition of Probuphine in May 2018 from our former licensee. Probuphine is the first product based on our ProNeura technology approved in the U.S., Canada and EU for the maintenance treatment of opioid use disorder in clinically stable patients taking 8 mg or less a day of oral buprenorphine. ProNeura consists of a small, solid rod made from a mixture of EVA and a drug substance. The resulting product is a solid matrix that is placed subdermally, normally in the inside part of the upper arm, in a short physician office-based outpatient procedure performed by a trained health care provider, or HCP, and is removed in a similar manner at the end of the treatment period. Once implanted, the drug substance is released continuously through the process of diffusion-controlled dissolution, reaching a stable blood level of the selected drug in two to four weeks and maintaining it thereafter for several months, thereby avoiding the fluctuating peak and trough levels of oral dosing that often pose problems in certain disease settings, including OUD.

Since the reacquisition of Probuphine, we have been implementing our plan aimed at building the foundation to support an effective U.S. product relaunch, including the establishment of a small experienced commercial team to target select OUD market segments best suited for Probuphine and the engagement of new strategic partners in the product order and distribution process. With our limited resources, we have made important progress in identifying and addressing some of the challenges associated with the initial product launch by our former licensee, including expanding access to treatment, educating and supporting the health care provider and patient communities, and improving the product order and distribution process through establishment of new relationships with specialty pharmacies and a central patient services hub. While we have continued to experience challenges to product adoption that has hampered sales growth, we have learned much about the target OUD treatment programs best suited for use of Probuphine. Key factors we believe will positively impact results include proper selection of health care providers whom we can assist in identifying those of their existing patients who meet the criteria for Probuphine treatment; selecting clinics with staff experienced in managing third party payer coverage plans that require prior authorization due to the subdermal insertion procedure, or, for those that don’t, providing adequate staff educational support; targeting HCPs for whom the current procedure reimbursement is adequate; and the rollout of education programs to help caregivers and patients understand the benefits of long acting medication like Probuphine.

Following a capital raise in October 2019, we began expansion of our commercial team with experienced pharmaceutical sales leadership and now have 10 territory sales professionals who are being supported by four equally qualified and experienced medical science liaisons within our Medical Affairs team. Unfortunately, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic during the latter half of the past quarter and the resulting restrictions on travel and social distancing rules that have minimized personal physician/patient interaction except in emergencies, has hindered the effectiveness of the commercial team. We have shifted our focus and our limited resources during this period to preparatory work using digital communication techniques to establish relationships with new health care providers and their staff, providing virtual communication tools for them to use with their patients and highlighting the potential benefits of Probuphine as a treatment modality in the increasing telemedicine environment. We have also established a social media presence in select geographies to increase awareness of Probuphine and enhance our share of voice in the medication assisted treatment space. Our goal is to establish strong relationships with the medical community and inform patients of the long acting treatment option with Probuphine, in order to increase the usage of Probuphine once the restrictions on mobility and medical businesses are relaxed. We believe that with sufficient capital resources, Probuphine has the potential to be an important weapon in the battle against OUD and provide health care providers, patients and their caregivers an important maintenance treatment option.

 We operate in only one business segment, the development of pharmaceutical products. We make available free of charge through our website, www.titanpharm.com, our periodic reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on recent accounting pronouncements.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019

Revenues 

The increase in total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to an increase in grant revenue, partially offset by decreases in license and product revenues. License revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was related to the amortization of deferred revenue associated with the sale of our European intellectual property rights to Molteni.

Operating Expenses 

Cost of goods sold reflects product costs and distribution expenses associated with sales of Probuphine product by us after reacquiring the commercialization rights in May 2018.

The increase in research and development costs was primarily associated with increased activities related to our NIDA grant and clinical trials. Other research and development expenses include internal operating costs such as research and development personnel-related expenses, non-clinical and clinical product development related travel expenses, and allocation of facility and corporate costs. As a result of the risks and uncertainties inherently associated with pharmaceutical research and development activities described elsewhere in this document, we are unable to estimate the specific timing and future costs of our clinical development programs or the timing of material cash inflows, if any, from our product candidates. However, we anticipate that our research and development expenses will increase at such time as we are able to undertake the required Probuphine Phase 4 clinical studies and continue our current or any future ProNeura development programs to the extent these costs are not supported through grants or partners.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were essentially unchanged. 

Other Expense, Net 

The increase in other expense net for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due non-cash losses on changes in the fair value of our warrants and approximately $0.2 million in costs attributable to the issuance of warrants. 

Net Loss and Net Loss per Share

Our net loss for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $5.6 million, or approximately $0.07 per share, compared to our net loss of approximately $4.5 million, or approximately $0.34 per share, for the comparable period in 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have funded our operations since inception primarily through the sale of our securities and the issuance of debt, as well as with proceeds from warrant and option exercises, corporate licensing and collaborative agreements, and government-sponsored research grants. At March 31, 2020, we had working capital of approximately $7.7 million compared to working capital of approximately $4.7 million at December 31, 2019.

In January 2020, we completed a financing with several institutional investors pursuant to which we issued 8,700,000 shares of our common stock in a registered direct offering and warrants to purchase 8,700,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $0.25 per share in a concurrent private placement pursuant to which we received net cash proceeds of approximately $1.9 million, after deduction of underwriting fees and other offering expenses.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we received an aggregate of approximately $6.2 million in cash proceeds from the exercises of warrants to purchase 27,388,464 shares of our common stock.

On April 20, 2020, we received an approximately $0.7 million PPP Loan under the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act.

In May 2020, we received an aggregate of approximately $0.5 million in cash proceeds from the exercises of warrants to purchase 2,193,097 shares of our common stock.

At March 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $8.0 million, which we believe, together with the PPP Loan and the subsequent exercise of warrants, is sufficient to fund our planned operations through the third quarter of 2020. We will require additional funds to finance our operations beyond such period. We are exploring several financing alternatives; however, there can be no assurance that our efforts to obtain the funding required to continue our operations will be successful.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted primarily of our net loss of approximately $5.6 million and approximately $0.9 million related to net changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by approximately $1.0 million of non-cash charges mainly related to non-cash losses on changes in fair value of warrants, interest expense, stock based compensation and depreciation and amortization and approximately $0.2 million in costs attributable to the issuance of warrants. Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 consisted primarily of our net loss of approximately $4.5 million and approximately $0.2 million related to net changes in operating assets and liabilities, was partially offset by approximately $0.4 million of non-cash charges mainly related to interest expense, stock based compensation and depreciation and amortization. Uses of cash in operating activities were primarily to fund commercialization and administrative expenses.

Net cash used in investing activities was primarily related to purchases of equipment for both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted of net cash proceeds from the January 2020 offering and exercises of warrants. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 consisted of the exercises of warrants.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our market risk disclosures set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 have not materially changed.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our President and Chief Executive Officer, being our principal executive and financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act as of March 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this report, and has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and principal financial officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

We face risks related to health epidemics, such as the current COVID-19 global pandemic, that could adversely affect our operations or financial results.

The spread of COVID-19, the novel coronavirus, including restrictions on travel, “shelter in place” orders, and quarantine policies put into place by businesses and state and local governments to mitigate its transmission, may have a material adverse effect on our business. While the duration of the pandemic and its potential economic impact are difficult to predict, it already has caused significant disruption in the healthcare industry and is likely to have continuing impacts as it continues. The travel restrictions, “shelter in palace” orders, quarantine policies, and general concerns about the spread of COVID-19 have disrupted the delivery of healthcare to patients, for example making it more difficult for some patients to visit with their physician and obtain pharmaceutical prescriptions. Also, healthcare office staffing shortages may delay the administrative work, and particularly insurance-related documentation, needed to obtain reimbursement for Probuphine. In addition, the COVID-related policies, restrictions and concerns have and may continue to disrupt our sales and marketing efforts and REMS training activities, as well as the operations of the various parts of our supply and distribution chain. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or any other health epidemic, is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our business, healthcare systems or the global economy as a whole. As the pandemic continues, it may result in a sustained economic downturn that could affect demand for and supply of our product, as well as our ability to access capital on reasonable terms, or at all, beyond the third quarter of this year. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Item 6. Exhibits

 (b)     Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.